The Fish
Elizabeth Bishop





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I caught a tremendous fish 
and held him beside the boat 
half out of water, with my hook 
fast in a corner of his mouth. 
He didn’t fight. 
He hadn’t fought at all. 
He hung a grunting weight, 
battered and venerable 
and homely. Here and there 
his brown skin hung in strips 
like ancient wall-paper, 
and its pattern of darker brown 
was like wall-paper: 
shapes like full-blown roses 
stained and lost through age. 
He was speckled with barnacles, 
fine rosettes of lime, 
and infested 
with tiny white sea-lice, 
and underneath two or three 
rags of green weed hung down. 
While his gills were breathing in 
the terrible oxygen 
—the frightening gills 
fresh and crisp with blood, 
that can cut so badly— 
I thought of the coarse white flesh 
packed in like feathers, 
the big bones and the little bones, 
the dramatic reds and blacks 
of his shiny entrails, 
and the pink swim-bladder 
like a big peony. 
I looked into his eyes 
which were far larger than mine 
but shallower, and yellowed, 
the irises backed and packed 
with tarnished tinfoil 
seen through the lenses 
of old scratched isinglass.° 
They shifted a little, but not 
to return my stare. 

—It was more like the tipping 
of an object toward the light. 
I admired his sullen face, 
the mechanism of his jaw, 
and then I saw 
that from his lower lip 
—if you could call it a lip— 
grim, wet, and weapon-like, 
hung five old pieces of fish-line, 
or four and a wire leader 
with the swivel still attached, 
with all their five big hooks 
grown firmly in his mouth. 
A green line, frayed at the end 
where he broke it, two heavier lines, 
and a fine black thread 
still crimped from the strain and snap 
when it broke and he got away. 
Like medals with their ribbons 
frayed and wavering, 
a five-haired beard of wisdom 
trailing from his aching jaw. 
I stared and stared 
and victory filled up 
the little rented boat, 
from the pool of bilge 
where oil had spread a rainbow 
around the rusted engine 
to the bailer rusted orange, 
the sun-cracked thwarts, 
the oarlocks on their strings, 
the gunnels—until everything 
was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! 
And I let the fish go. 

Making Meanings
The Fish

1. Did the ending of “The Fish” surprise you? (Review the prediction you made in your Quickwrite notes.) Explain. 
2. As the speaker examines the fish, a series of similes and metaphors are used to describe it. Find at least six figures of speech in lines 1–40 that help you see the fish. 
3. Identify the two figures of speech in lines 61–64 that personify the fish. How would you characterize the type of person these comparisons suggest? 
4. As the speaker stares at the fish, “victory filled up” the boat. What does this mean? Whose “victory” is it, and who or what was the enemy? 
5. What clues suggest that the fish might have symbolic meaning? What might it symbolize? 
6. As the speaker thinks “rainbow, rainbow, rainbow,” she sees the pool of oil, the “rusted engine,” and the “sun-cracked thwarts” in a totally new way. Why do you think she lets the fish go? 
7. Have you ever experienced a moment when the ordinary suddenly seemed full of beauty and wonder? Describe your experience. 
8. What do you think of the speaker’s decision to let the old fish go? What would you have done?

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